Structural damage and shear performance degradation of fiber–lime–soil under freeze–thaw cycling

The freeze–thaw cycling damages the soil structure, and the shear performance of soil are degraded. A series of tests on lime–soil(L–S) and fiber–lime–soil(F–L–S), including freeze–thaw test, the triaxial compression test, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) test and scanning electron microscope (SEM) test, were completed. The test results showed that fiber reinforcement changed the stress–strain behavior and failure pattern of soil. The cohesion and internal friction angle of soil gradually decreased with the increase of freeze–thaw cycles (F–T cycles). The pore radius and porosity of soil increased, while the micro pore volume decreased, and the small pore volume, medium pore volume and large pore volume increased, and the large pore volume had a little variation after 10 F–T cycles. The number of pores of F–L–S was less than L–S, demonstrating that the addition of fiber helped to reduce the pore volume. The interweaved fibers limited the development and the connection of cracks. By means of the spatial restraint effect of fiber on the soil and the friction action between fiber and soil, the shear performances and freeze–thaw durability of F–L–S better were than that of L–S.     

环境土壤样品微波消解及钚的ICP-MS测量

钚是环境放射性污染调查和核事故应急监测重点关注的污染核素，土壤样品中钚的定量分析包括样品消解、化学分离和仪器测量等3个步骤。为缩短样品消解时间、提高化学分离效率，对土壤样品微波消解和钚的阴离子交换分离进行了研究，建立了微波消解-阴离子交换分离-电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）测量 同位素稀释法定量分析污染土壤样品中²³⁹Pu的流程。以6 mol/L盐酸为浸取试剂，在浸取液体积与土壤质量之比为4∶1~5∶1 mL/g时，5 g土壤样品中²³⁹Pu的加标回收率大于99%。以氢氟酸、硝酸和盐酸的混酸为消解试剂，在氢氟酸浓度为13.2 mol/L时，1 g土壤样品中²³⁹Pu的加标回收率大于94%。用所建流程测得的IAEA-375土壤标准样品中²³⁹Pu的含量与参考值无显著差异，该流程对1 g土壤样品中²³⁹Pu的检出限为84 mBq/kg。     

多环芳烃污染土壤的化学氧化处理研究

以国内某焦化企业场地多环芳烃污染土壤为研究对象，研究了过硫酸钠作为氧化剂时，硫酸亚铁或次氯酸钠助剂的使用对修复效率的影响，同时通过对比阐述了硫酸亚铁及次氯酸钠在过硫酸钠氧化体系中的不同作用。结果表明：微量硫酸亚铁对过硫酸钠氧化土壤中多环芳烃起到催化作用，可显著提高多环芳烃去除效率；次氯酸钠可与过硫酸钠协同使用，达到共氧化的目的。     

Energy efficiency of fibre reinforced soil formation at small element scale: Laboratory and numerical investigation

This paper explores the aspects related to the energy consumption for the compaction of unreinforced and fibre reinforced samples fabricated in the laboratory. It is well known that, for a fixed soil density, the addition of fibres invariably results in an increased resistance to compaction. However, similar peak strength properties of a dense unreinforced sample can be obtained using looser granular soil matrices mixed with small quantities of fibres. Based on both experimental and discrete element modelling (DEM) procedures, this paper demonstrates that less compaction energy is required for building loose fibre reinforced sand samples than for denser unreinforced sand samples while both samples show similar peak strength properties. Beyond corroborating the macro-scale experimental observations, the result of the DEM analyses provides an insight into the local micro-scale mechanisms governing the fibre-grain interaction. These assessments focus on the evolution of the void ratio distribution, re-arrangement of soil particles, mobilisation of stresses in the fibres, and the evolution of the fibre orientation distribution during the stages of compaction.     

典型油泥物化性质分析及其处理工艺研究

以典型老化油泥为研究对象,通过分析油泥的基本物化性质、油泥中原油的基本组成及性质、油泥中固相的基本组成及性质等信息,针对性地开发了一种分层次联合处理工艺,并通过详细的工艺试验,确定了联合处理方案的最佳工艺参数,在最佳工艺条件下,三层油泥的尾矿干基含油率分别可降低到0.89%、0.62%和0.45%,满足油田对油泥的环保处理要求,为国内外油泥处理方案设计提供了良好的思路。     

Analyses and design of steep slope with GeoBarrier system (GBS) under heavy rainfall

A GeoBarrier system (GBS) is a combination system of reinforced soil walls to stabilize near-vertical cut slopes and capillary barrier principles to protect the wall from the effect of rainfall infiltration. Singapore requires construction materials that are cost-effective to support sustainable urban development. Therefore, recycled materials are utilized as GBS materials to avoid the use of high-cost materials, such as steel or concrete. GBS consists of planting geobags with unique geosynthetic pockets for sustainable plant growth as a facing layer of GBS. The negative pore-water pressure (suction) within the reinforced soil behind GBS was assured to be constant during rainfall since GBS is designed specially to minimize the rainfall infiltration into the reinforced soil. This paper presents the practical design and stability analysis of the GBS, considering the presence of suction within the reinforced soil body. The monitoring of GBS performance in the field was carried out via field instrumentation. Finite element analyses of the GBS under extreme rainfalls were also performed for evaluation of the GBS performance. The field instrumentations and numerical analysis results showed that GBS was able to protect the slope from rainfall infiltration; therefore, the stability of the slope retained by GBS was not affected by the rainfall. Results from the analytical calculation showed that the most critical mode of failure is sliding along the base, followed by the global and local slope stability. The GBS is not susceptible to local instability.     

Optimum lateral extent of soil domain for dynamic SSI analysis of RC framed buildings on pile foundations

This article describes a novel approach for deciding optimal horizontal extent of soil domain to be used for finite element based numerical dynamic soil structure interaction (SSI) studies. SSI model for a 12 storied building frame, supported on pile foundation-soil system, is developed in the finite element based software framework, OpenSEES. Three different structure-foundation configurations are analyzed under different ground motion characteristics. Lateral extent of soil domain, along with the soil properties, were varied exhaustively for a particular structural configuration. Based on the reduction in the variation of acceleration response at different locations in the SSI system (quantified by normalized root mean square error, NRMSE), the optimum lateral extent of the soil domain is prescribed for various structural widths, soil types and peak ground acceleration levels of ground motion. Compared to the past studies, error estimation analysis shows that the relationships prescribed in the present study are credible and more inclusive of the various factors that influence SSI. These relationships can be readily applied for deciding upon the lateral extent of the soil domain for conducting precise SSI analysis with reduced computational time.     

Influence of Pluronic coating formulation on iron oxide nanoparticle transport in natural and oil-impacted sandy aquifer media

Targeted delivery of nanoparticles has the potential to enhance remediation and characterization of sites contaminated with non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) by ensuring delivery of treatment or contrast agents to the NAPL/water interface. For a targeted delivery technique to be successful, nanoparticles must be capable of transporting through porous media and binding to NAPLs under relevant geological conditions. In this study, successful targeted delivery of nanoparticles to sandy aquifer material mixed with crude oil was achieved using an active targeting technique based on an amphiphilic polymer coating. It was determined that the molecular structure and concentration of the nanoparticle coating greatly influenced the recovery of nanoparticles injected into saturated columns. Coatings with longer polymer molecules and lower polymer concentrations reduced recovery, and the nanoparticle coating formulation could be adjusted to improve transport while maintaining targeted binding behaviour. This study demonstrated that nanoparticle retention in oil-impacted sand exceeded that of clean sand in flow through experiments, indicating that a nanoparticle targeted delivery strategy for soil contaminated with LNAPLs such as crude oil is possible under the experimental conditions explored.